For years, pea puffers have been labelled the bad boys of the nano-tank world. Cute, tiny, and allegedly incapable of living with their own kind without turning into homicidal tyrants. The truth is far more interesting.

Across forums, care sheets, and videos, Pea Puffers are almost always fed the same small handful of foods. Bloodworms, brine shrimp, and daphnia have become the standard fare. They are easy to find, easy to store, and widely recommended. Yet they represent only a narrow fraction of what these fish would eat in the wild. In nature, Pea Puffers spend their days weaving through dense vegetation and leaf litter, hunting for anything that moves. Worms, crustaceans, insect larvae,

Ask any aquarist what matters most in their water, and you’ll likely hear the same list: pH, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. These are the familiar parameters for aquarium water, the ones we test, track, and talk about endlessly. But lurking quietly in the background is another parameter that shapes everything in the aquarium, a factor so fundamental that it affects every breath, heartbeat, and cell function your fish perform. That hidden force is water hardness. Many aquarist

Pufferfish are best known as quirky marine oddities, famous for their ability to inflate into a ball when threatened. The majority of...

The Leiodon cutcutia is one of the most remarkable yet underappreciated puffers in the aquarium world. Endemic to South and Southeast Asia, it ranges across India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and the Mekong basin, where it thrives in a diverse array of habitats, from shaded rivers and floodplains to canals, ponds, and estuarine waters.

Discovering Ich in your aquarium for the first time can be alarming, but rest assured: it is a well-understood condition that is usually...

The Congo River is an ecosystem built on pressure and motion. Tetraodon miurus isn’t merely surviving there: it’s engineered for it. Its flattened body, dense musculature, and anchored posture aren’t quirks of behaviour, but solutions to physics. To keep one is to study a living example of how evolution solves chaos with precision.

The Mbu Puffer (Tetraodon mbu) is the undisputed giant of the freshwater pufferfish world. It is native to Central Africa, with a distribution spanning much of the Congo River Basin, including the wide expanse of Pool Malebo (Kinshasa–Brazzaville) and extending into Lake Tanganyika.

This is the guide that changed everything. Through research, field observation, and thousands of shared experiences, this care sheet redefined what responsible keeping means. It set the benchmark for clarity, accuracy, and compassion, becoming the trusted reference for aquarists around the world.

Many species of freshwater, brackish and marine pufferfish bury themselves into the substrate. This behaviour is known as "wallowing" and...

This care sheet is designed to help aquarists provide optimal conditions for the Fahaka Puffer — not just the bare minimum for survival,...

Sphoeroides asellus (syn. Colomesus asellus), commonly sold as the Amazon puffer (also Peruvian or South American puffer), is a small New-World puffer endemic to major northern South American drainages (Amazon mainstem and tributaries; also reported from the Orinoco/near-coastal reaches), occurring primarily in fresh water with some tolerance of estuarine conditions.

The Tetraodon schoutedeni is a species of freshwater pufferfish, from the Tetraodon genus, which is endemic to Africa’s Congo Basin.

This care sheet is written with the aim of providing the optimal care for this species of fish. Pufferfish Enthusiasts Worldwide...

This care sheet is written with the aim of providing the optimal care for this species of fish. Pufferfish Enthusiasts Worldwide...

The Tetraodontidae are a family of primarily (but not limited to) marine and estuarine fish of the order Tetraodontiformes. Almost all of...

In the shaded rivers and backwaters of Thailand, Malaysia, and Sumatra, the Dragon Puffer holds its ground among driftwood and fallen leaves. Every movement is deliberate, every strike calculated. To keep one is to recreate that quiet world of soft light, slow water, and calm intent.

Hidden among the stones of the Mekong, Pao baileyi waits in silence. Motionless for hours, it blends with the riverbed until the moment it strikes: swift, precise, and absolute. In the aquarium, it brings that same patience and power, a fish that rewards understanding rather than spectacle.

This care sheet is written with the aim of providing the optimal care for this species of fish. Pufferfish Enthusiasts Worldwide endeavours to i nspire and promote the highest standards of care - not basic or minimum care - using the best evidence available at the time. Introduction The Pao suvattii  is one of the Mekong’s most formidable and enigmatic freshwater puffers, a species that captures both the quiet patience and sudden violence of life on the riverbed. Endemic to t

Pufferfish are one of the most misunderstood groups of fish in the fish keeping hobby. One of my main focuses is promoting the welfare of...

Carinotetraodon  is a genus of true freshwater pufferfish ( Tetraodontidae ) endemic to South and Southeast Asia. These small,...

Leiodon  is a small genus of pufferfish ( Tetraodontidae ) distributed across South and Southeast Asia and into the Western Pacific. It...

The Pao genus contains mostly freshwater pufferfish, with the exception of one (P.leiurus) which can also be found in brackish waters. ...